Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism. Especially in advanced stages of interstitial nephritis, the most common cause of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats, tubular function becomes increasingly poor and thus clinically relevant for us. Furthermore, many uraemic toxins are not only excreted into the urine by glomerular filtration, but must additionally – or sometimes even mostly– be secreted through the tubule. It is these processes that lead to typical problems such as polyuria/polydipsia, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in animals with kidney disease. Tubular processes play an essential role. However, reduced GFR alone does not define renal dysfunction. The biomarkers determined in the traditional kidney profile (especially creatinine and SDMA) mostly reflect the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). water, proteins, glucose, electrolytes) are reabsorbed. This ultrafiltrate is further processed in the tubule, where the substances the body does not want to lose (e. There, the ultrafiltrate is pressed out (glomerular filtration). In the kidney, the blood passes through the glomerulus to be cleaned. For most uraemic toxins that make our patients’ lives difficult, there are no commercially available test methods.Īn exception to this is indoxyl sulphate (see page 3). The traditional biomarkers may be indicators of the degree of renal dysfunction, but do not necessarily indicate what impact this has on the individual patient. The difference between azotaemia and uraemia explains, among other things, why some patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) still have a rather good general condition even with high kidney values, while others with lower values already feel worse. The former is therefore important for the diagnosis of kidney disease, the latter for assessing the clinically relevant severity of the disease. Uraemia signifies that the patient’s quality of life is affected. Renal azotaemia indicates renal dysfunction. Thus, azotaemia and uraemia are not the same. Signs associated with uraemia include lethargy, weakness, dehydration, inappetence, vomitus and weight loss. Uraemia: Uraemia is a term used to describe the clinical consequences of renal dysfunction resulting from retention of toxic metabolites, dysregulation of water and electrolyte balance as well as hormonal imbalances. Only once we are sure that there is neither prerenal nor postrenal azotaemia, we call it kidney disease. However, the presence of azotaemia does not automatically mean that the kidney is affected. The typical biomarkers are urea and creatinine. Sounds simple, and it actually is.Īzotaemia: The increase of urinary excreted substances in the blood is called azotaemia. By looking at their levels, we can deduce the severity of renal dysfunction. If the kidney does not work as it should, they remain in the blood. The parameters we use to assess kidney function are so-called biomarkers. Data Protection in Application Procedures.Molecular Biological Animal Species Differentiation.Infectious Diseases: Pathogen and Antibody Detection.Immunological Tests/Markers for Inflammation.Profiles/Screenings – Small Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes.
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